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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Butler–Volmer equation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Butler–Volmer equation The Butler–Volmer equation (also known as Erdey-Grúz-Volmer equation) is one of the most fundamental relationships in electrochemical kinetics. It describes how the electrical current on an electrode depends on the electrode potential, considering that both a cathodic and an anodic reaction occur on the same electrode: :$I\; =\; A\; \backslash cdot\; i\_0\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash left\backslash \; (E\; -\; E\_)\; \backslash right\; )\; -\; \backslash exp\; \backslash left(-\; \}\; (E\; -\; E\_)\; \backslash right)\; \backslash right\backslash \}$ or in a more compact form: :$i\; =\; i\_0\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash left\backslash \; \backslash right\; )\; -\; \backslash exp\; \backslash left(-\; \}\; \backslash right)\; \backslash right\backslash \}$ where: * $I$: electrode current, A * $A$: electrode active surface area, m2 * $i$: electrode current density, A/m2 (defined as ''i = I/A'') * $i\_o$: exchange current density, A/m2 * $E$: electrode potential, V * $E\_$: equilibrium potential, V * $T$: absolute temperature, K * $n$: number of electrons involved in the electrode reaction * $F$: Faraday constant * $R$: universal gas constant * $\backslash alpha\_c$: so-called cathodic charge transfer coefficient, dimensionless * $\backslash alpha\_a$: so-called anodic charge transfer coefficient, dimensionless * $\backslash eta$: activation overpotential (defined as $\backslash eta\; =\; (E\; -\; E\_)$). The equation is named after chemists John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer. ==Mass-transfer control== The previous form of Butler–Volmer equation is valid when the electrode reaction is controlled by electrical charge transfer at the electrode (and not by the mass transfer to or from the electrode surface from or to the bulk electrolyte). Nevertheless, the utility of the Butler–Volmer equation in electrochemistry is wide, and it is often considered to be "central in the phenomenological electrode kinetics".〔J. O'M. Bockris, A.K.N.Reddy, and M. Gamboa-Aldeco, "Modern Electrochemistry 2A. Fundamentals of Electrodics.", Second Edition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, p.1083, 2000.〕 In the region of the limiting current, when the electrode process is mass-transfer controlled, the value of the current density is: :$i\_\; =\; \backslash frac\; C^$ * where: * D is the diffusion coefficient; * δ is the diffusion layer thickness; * C * is the concentration of the electroactive (limiting) species in the bulk of the electrolyte. * C(0,t) is the time-dependent concentration at the distance zero from the surface. The above form simplifies to the conventional one (shown at the top of the article) when the concentration of the electroactive species at the surface is equal to that in the bulk. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Butler–Volmer equation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.